Overview
| Species: | Hevea brasiliensis |
| Genus: | Hevea |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Taxonomy ID: | 3981 |
| Common Name: | Pará rubber tree; sharinga tree; seringueira; rubber tree; rubber plant. |
Morphology
Introduction
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), a tree of the Euphorbiaceae family, is native to the Amazon basin of Brazil. It is a tropical crop of great economic value and now widely planted in Southeast Asia. The rubber tree has a wide range of applications, with 30-45% of natural rubber present in the milk secreted by its latex tubes, making it the only commercial source of natural rubber today [1-2], and is used to make a variety of household and medical products, such as tires/seats for cars, medical gloves, and even in soft tissue as well as bone repair [3-4]. In addition, rubber tree seeds have an oil content of 35%-50% [5] and their yield can reach 2060 kg per hectare per year [40], which has been shown to be an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production [6-8]. As a non-edible oil, rubber seed oil can be injected directly into internal combustion engines as a fuel and has a huge potential to replace diesel production with lower emission rates of CO2 and NO2 after combustion than other vegetable oils [9-10].
Sequencing studies of the rubber tree genome have been conducted since 2009; a sketch of the rubber tree genome was first published in 2013 [11]. With the in-depth study of rubber rubber production biology, the existing genome can no longer meet the demand for rubber breeding improvement. In 2016, the Rubber Institute of the Chinese Academy of Thermal Sciences, in collaboration with the Beijing Genome Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, released the high-quality genome of Hevea Reyan7-33-97 based on sequence data from whole-genome bird shot (WGS) and pooled BAC clones, which is now the internationally recognized reference genome version by scholars [12]. Subsequently, the gene assembly sequence of rubber RRIM 600 was released [13]. In 2020, the first chromosome-scale high-quality genome of the rubber tree variety GT1 was released [14]. In 2023, it is presents a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of a wild rubber tree (MT/VB/25A 57/8), which the genome of this accession has never been sequenced [15].
Our database contains genomic information of rubber tree Reyan7-33-97, RRIM 600, GT1 and Wild.
Sequencing studies of the rubber tree genome have been conducted since 2009; a sketch of the rubber tree genome was first published in 2013 [11]. With the in-depth study of rubber rubber production biology, the existing genome can no longer meet the demand for rubber breeding improvement. In 2016, the Rubber Institute of the Chinese Academy of Thermal Sciences, in collaboration with the Beijing Genome Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, released the high-quality genome of Hevea Reyan7-33-97 based on sequence data from whole-genome bird shot (WGS) and pooled BAC clones, which is now the internationally recognized reference genome version by scholars [12]. Subsequently, the gene assembly sequence of rubber RRIM 600 was released [13]. In 2020, the first chromosome-scale high-quality genome of the rubber tree variety GT1 was released [14]. In 2023, it is presents a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of a wild rubber tree (MT/VB/25A 57/8), which the genome of this accession has never been sequenced [15].
Our database contains genomic information of rubber tree Reyan7-33-97, RRIM 600, GT1 and Wild.
Genome information
| Specie type | Genome size | Assembly level | Scaffold N50 | CG content | Browse | Data Source(PMID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hevea brasiliensis GT | 1.47Gb | Chromosome | 152.7kb | 33.87% | 31838037 | |
| Hevea brasiliensis Ref | 1.37Gb | Scaffold | 1.28Mb | 34.84% | 27255837 | |
| Hevea brasiliensis RRIM 600 | 1.55Gb | Scaffold | 67.24kb | 34.17% | 27339202 | |
| Hevea brasiliensis Wild | 1.82Gb | Chromosome | 47.97Mb | 31.68% | 36710373 |
Reference
[1] J.B. van Beilen, Y. Poirier Establishment of new crops for the production of natural rubber Trends Biotechnol., 25 (11) (2007), pp. 522-529, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.009
[2] X. Men, F. Wang, G.Q. Chen, H.B. Zhang, M. Xian Biosynthesis of natural rubber: current state and perspectives Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20 (1) (2018), p. 50, 10.3390/ijms20010050
[3] Mooibroek, H., & Cornish, K. (2000). Alternative sources of natural rubber. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 53(4), 355-365.
[4] Guerra, N. B., Pegorin, G. S. A., Boratto, M. H., de Barros, N. R., de Oliveira Graeff, C. F., & Herculano, R. D. (2021). Biomedical applications of natural rubber latex from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 126, 112126.
[5] Onoji, S. E., Iyuke, S. E., Igbafe, A. I., & Nkazi, D. B. (2016). Rubber seed oil: A potential renewable source of biodiesel for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy conversion and management, 110, 125-134.
[6] Morshed, M., Ferdous, K., Khan, M. R., Mazumder, M. S. I., Islam, M. A., & Uddin, M. T. (2011). Rubber seed oil as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh. Fuel, 90(10), 2981-2986.
[7] Ahmad, J., Yusup, S., Bokhari, A., & Kamil, R. N. M. (2014). Study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel. Energy Conversion and Management, 78, 266-275.
[8] Dhawane, S. H., Bora, A. P., Kumar, T., & Halder, G. (2017). Parametric optimization of biodiesel synthesis from rubber seed oil using iron doped carbon catalyst by Taguchi approach. Renewable energy, 105, 616-624.
[9] Ikwuagwu, O. E., Ononogbu, I. C., & Njoku, O. U. (2000). Production of biodiesel using rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth. Muell.)] seed oil. Industrial crops and products, 12(1), 57-62.
[10] Zhu, Y., Xu, J., Li, Q., & Mortimer, P. E. (2014). Investigation of rubber seed yield in Xishuangbanna and estimation of rubber seed oil based biodiesel potential in Southeast Asia. Energy, 69, 837-842.
[11] Rahman, A. Y. A., Usharraj, A. O., Misra, B. B., Thottathil, G. P., Jayasekaran, K., Feng, Y., ... & Alam, M. (2013). Draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. BMC genomics, 14(1), 1-15.
[12] Tang, C., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Luo, Y., Gao, S., Xiao, X., ... & Huang, H. (2016). The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation. Nature plants, 2(6), 1-10.
[13] Lau, N. S., Makita, Y., Kawashima, M., Taylor, T. D., Kondo, S., Othman, A. S., ... & Matsui, M. (2016). The rubber tree genome shows expansion of gene family associated with rubber biosynthesis. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-14.
[14] Liu, J., Shi, C., Shi, C. C., Li, W., Zhang, Q. J., Zhang, Y., ... & Gao, L. Z. (2020). The chromosome-based rubber tree genome provides new insights into spurge genome evolution and rubber biosynthesis. Molecular plant, 13(2), 336-350.
[15] Cheng, H., Song, X., Hu, Y., Wu, T., Yang, Q., An, Z., ... & Huang, H. (2023). Chromosome‐level wild Hevea brasiliensis genome provides new tools for genomic‐assisted breeding and valuable loci to elevate rubber yield. Plant Biotechnology Journal.
[2] X. Men, F. Wang, G.Q. Chen, H.B. Zhang, M. Xian Biosynthesis of natural rubber: current state and perspectives Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20 (1) (2018), p. 50, 10.3390/ijms20010050
[3] Mooibroek, H., & Cornish, K. (2000). Alternative sources of natural rubber. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 53(4), 355-365.
[4] Guerra, N. B., Pegorin, G. S. A., Boratto, M. H., de Barros, N. R., de Oliveira Graeff, C. F., & Herculano, R. D. (2021). Biomedical applications of natural rubber latex from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 126, 112126.
[5] Onoji, S. E., Iyuke, S. E., Igbafe, A. I., & Nkazi, D. B. (2016). Rubber seed oil: A potential renewable source of biodiesel for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy conversion and management, 110, 125-134.
[6] Morshed, M., Ferdous, K., Khan, M. R., Mazumder, M. S. I., Islam, M. A., & Uddin, M. T. (2011). Rubber seed oil as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh. Fuel, 90(10), 2981-2986.
[7] Ahmad, J., Yusup, S., Bokhari, A., & Kamil, R. N. M. (2014). Study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel. Energy Conversion and Management, 78, 266-275.
[8] Dhawane, S. H., Bora, A. P., Kumar, T., & Halder, G. (2017). Parametric optimization of biodiesel synthesis from rubber seed oil using iron doped carbon catalyst by Taguchi approach. Renewable energy, 105, 616-624.
[9] Ikwuagwu, O. E., Ononogbu, I. C., & Njoku, O. U. (2000). Production of biodiesel using rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth. Muell.)] seed oil. Industrial crops and products, 12(1), 57-62.
[10] Zhu, Y., Xu, J., Li, Q., & Mortimer, P. E. (2014). Investigation of rubber seed yield in Xishuangbanna and estimation of rubber seed oil based biodiesel potential in Southeast Asia. Energy, 69, 837-842.
[11] Rahman, A. Y. A., Usharraj, A. O., Misra, B. B., Thottathil, G. P., Jayasekaran, K., Feng, Y., ... & Alam, M. (2013). Draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. BMC genomics, 14(1), 1-15.
[12] Tang, C., Yang, M., Fang, Y., Luo, Y., Gao, S., Xiao, X., ... & Huang, H. (2016). The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation. Nature plants, 2(6), 1-10.
[13] Lau, N. S., Makita, Y., Kawashima, M., Taylor, T. D., Kondo, S., Othman, A. S., ... & Matsui, M. (2016). The rubber tree genome shows expansion of gene family associated with rubber biosynthesis. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-14.
[14] Liu, J., Shi, C., Shi, C. C., Li, W., Zhang, Q. J., Zhang, Y., ... & Gao, L. Z. (2020). The chromosome-based rubber tree genome provides new insights into spurge genome evolution and rubber biosynthesis. Molecular plant, 13(2), 336-350.
[15] Cheng, H., Song, X., Hu, Y., Wu, T., Yang, Q., An, Z., ... & Huang, H. (2023). Chromosome‐level wild Hevea brasiliensis genome provides new tools for genomic‐assisted breeding and valuable loci to elevate rubber yield. Plant Biotechnology Journal.